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An engineered nanopore identifies saccharides, amino acids, peptides and ribonucleotides
(a) Sensing of phenylalanine (Phe) with MspA-PBA. Left: The structure of MspA-PBA. Right: A representative trace of Phe sensing performed with MspA-PBA. (b) Sensing of D-fructose (Fru) with MspA-NTA-Ni. Left: The structure of MspA-NTA-Ni. Right: A representative trace of Fru sensing performed with MspA-NTA-Ni. (c) Sensing of guanosine 5’-monophosphate (GMP) with MspA-NTA-Ni. Left: The structure of MspA-NTA-Ni. Right: A representative trace of GMP sensing performed with MspA-NTA-Ni. The final concentrations of Phe, Fru and GMP were 400 μM, 20 mM and 2 mM, respectively. No nanopore events were observed in all above measurements. The open pore current of MspA-PBA ( + 160 mV bias) and MspA-NTA-Ni (+100 mV bias) were defined as IPBA and INTA-Ni, respectively. The corresponding open pore current was marked by a gray dashed line. (a) Representative events of different amino acids, NMPs and saccharides acquired by MspA-FPBA (Methods). 21 amino acids (including 20 common proteinogenic amino acids and selenocysteine), 4 NMPs (adenosine 5’-monophosphate, AMP; uridine 5’-monophosphate, UMP; cytidine 5’-monophosphate, CMP; guanosine 5’-monophosphate, GMP), and 4 saccharides (iduronic acid, IdoA; L-arabinose, Ara; D-fructose, Fru; N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, GlcNAc) were respectively added to the cis side during the measurement. Cysteine, histidine and lysine each have two representative types of events,...