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Stage-specific antileishmanial activity and selectivity of cynarin, apigenin, and luteolin against Leishmania tropica in vitro models
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species and constitutes a significant global public health concern. Pentavalent antimonials, the current first-line therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis, are limited by toxicity, high cost, and emerging drug resistance. This study aims to evaluate the antipromastigote and intracellular antiamastigote activity of the polyphenolic compounds cynarin (CYN), a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, and the flavonoids apigenin (API) and luteolin (LUT)...